SHELLCODEIn order to execute our raw exploit codes directly in the stack or other parts of the memory, which deal with binary, we need assembly codes that represent a raw set of machine instructions of the target machines. A shellcode is an assembly language program which executes a shell, such as the '/bin/sh' for Unix/Linux shell, or the command.com shell on DOS and Microsoft Windows. Bear in mind that in exploit, not just a normal shell but what we want is a root shell or Administrator privilege (note: In certain circumstances, in Windows there are account that having privileges higher than Administrator such as LocalSystem). Shellcode is used to spawn a (root) shell because it will give us the highest privilege. A shellcode may be used as an exploit payload, providing...